Elizabeth Barrett Browning

 

Introduction

Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–1861) was a prominent Victorian poet, celebrated for her intellectual depth, social activism, and poetic innovation. She remains one of the most influential women poets of the 19th century, known for her works such as Sonnets from the Portuguese and Aurora Leigh.

Key Biographical Details

• Birth: March 6, 1806, Coxhoe Hall, County Durham, England.
• Family: Eldest of 12 children; father, Edward Moulton Barrett, owned Jamaican sugar plantations.
• Health: Suffered from a lung ailment and spinal injury; treated with morphine.
• Education: Self-taught in Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and literature; influenced by Rousseau, Voltaire, and Mary Wollstonecraft.
• Marriage: Secretly married Robert Browning in 1846; moved to Italy; had one son, Robert Barrett Browning ("Pen").
• Death: June 29, 1861, in Florence, Italy.

Literary Contributions

• Early Works:
• Major Works:
• Themes: Social justice, feminism, love, and human rights.

Poetic Style and Innovations

• Form: Experimented with sonnets, blank verse, and autobiographical poetry.
• Language: Often criticized for obscurity but praised for emotional depth and intellectual vigor.
• Influence: Inspired Emily Dickinson and Virginia Woolf; considered for Poet Laureate after Wordsworth.

Key Poems and Analysis

1. To George Sand: A Recognition
2. To George Sand: A Desire
3. The Cry of the Children

Criticism and Legacy

• Strengths: Intellectual power, originality, and boldness of thought.
• Weaknesses: Obscure language, melodramatic plots, and inconsistent imagery.
• Legacy: Regarded as one of the greatest women poets; feminist readings of Aurora Leigh continue to inspire.

Quotes to Remember

• “How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.” (Sonnets from the Portuguese).
• “Whoever lives true life, will love true love.”

Conclusion

Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s works remain a testament to her genius, resilience, and commitment to social justice. Her poetry continues to resonate with readers and critics alike, securing her place as a literary icon of the Victorian era.